Technology Gatekeepers for War and Peace: The British Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures and Tables......Page 9
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 14
List of Abbreviations......Page 16
1 Introduction: Problems and Approaches......Page 18
The scientific and technological revolution at the turn of the century......Page 19
The significance of the ship revolution......Page 22
General problems and models......Page 23
A changing Japan in a changing world......Page 24
The role of the Ministry of Engineering and the Engineering College in the formation of infrastructure and human resources......Page 26
Emerging professionalization: domestic professional societies......Page 29
A new gatekeeper model of science and technology transfer......Page 33
Dimensions of \'gatekeepers\'......Page 35
A new composite model of industrialization......Page 36
Dimensions of \'composite\'......Page 37
The composition of the book......Page 40
2 The Technology Gatekeepers: The Role of the Navy and Mitsubishi in the Ship Revolution......Page 43
The industrialization of Japan, the transfer of science and technology, and technology gatekeepers......Page 44
How large was the science and technology gap?......Page 45
The role of Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard......Page 49
The role of the Imperial Japanese Navy......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 64
3 Technology Gatekeepers Combine: The Emergence of the Japanese Military-Industrial-University Complex......Page 67
The course of the transfer of marine steam turbine technology to Japan......Page 69
The Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology gatekeeper: a dual role......Page 71
The rationality of technology gatekeepers......Page 78
The role of Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard......Page 80
Entrepreneurial risk-taking of technology gatekeepers......Page 85
How did technology gatekeepers combine? The emergence of the Japanese military-industrial-university complex......Page 91
Conclusion......Page 95
4 \'Spin-on\' and Latecomers\' Advantages Reconsidered: British Development and Japanese Transfer in Social Context......Page 98
The social impact of the Turbinia......Page 100
From professionalization to R&D: C. A. Parsons and \'spin-on\' in the development of the marine steam turbine......Page 104
The role of the Royal Navy: a de facto \'spin-off\' story......Page 111
Development in the laissez-faire British state......Page 116
Science and technical practice in marine turbine technology......Page 118
The Japanese social context of \'spin-on\' in transferring the scientific aspect of the marine turbine......Page 119
Industrial education within the company......Page 123
Invention within the organization......Page 125
The emergence of the Mitsubishi type and the process of de facto \'spin-off\'......Page 128
Conclusion......Page 132
5 \'Spin-off\' in the Nationalization of R&D: The Recasting of the British System in an Industrializing Japan......Page 135
The British \'spin-off\' process in the setting up of the National Physical Laboratory\'s experimental tank......Page 136
The Japanese \'spin-off\' process in the setting up of the National Experimental Tank......Page 141
The social background underlying public R&D organizations: the INA and the Shipbuilding Association......Page 145
The implications of the nationalization of R&D in Britain and Japan......Page 153
Patterns of institutionalization......Page 157
Conclusion......Page 159
6 Conclusion: Beyond Success or Failure......Page 162
The structure and function of the ship revolution......Page 164
The wartime mobilization of science and technology and the military-industrial-university complex......Page 168
Success or failure?......Page 176
The development of the Kanpon turbine and its pitfalls......Page 177
Secrecy about the failure......Page 180
The Rinkicho failure and the outbreak of war with the US and Britain: how did Japan deal with the problem?......Page 184
Conclusion: beyond success or failure......Page 189
Appendix......Page 193
Notes......Page 197
Select Bibliography......Page 238
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R......Page 256
W......Page 257
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