Energy Storage for Sustainable Microgrid

Content: Front Cover
 Energy Storage for Sustainable Microgrid
 Copyright Page
 Contents
 Foreword
 1 Basic Concepts and Control Architecture of Microgrids
 1.1 Introduction
 1.1.1 Concepts of Microgrids
 1.1.2 Benefits of Microgrids
 1.1.3 Integration of Microgrid to Distribution Networks
 1.1.4 Basic Components and Operation Strategies in Microgrids
 1.1.5 Microgrid Market Models
 1.2 Microgrid Control Issues
 1.2.1 Introduction
 1.2.2 Centralized Control Versus Decentralized Control
 1.2.3 Forecasting
 1.2.4 State Estimation
 1.2.4.1 Least Squares Estimation 1.2.4.2 Weighted Least Squares Estimation1.2.4.3 Newton-Raphson Algorithm
 1.3 Microgrid Control Methods
 1.3.1 PQ Control
 1.3.2 V/f Control
 1.3.3 Droop Control
 1.3.3.1 Active Power Control
 1.3.3.2 Voltage Control
 1.4 Control Architectures in Microgrids
 1.4.1 Master-Slave Control
 1.4.2 Peer-to-peer Control
 1.4.3 Hierarchy Control
 1.5 Microgrid Protection
 1.6 Three-Phase Circuit for Grid-Connected DG
 1.6.1 LC Filter
 1.6.2 Isolation Transformer
 1.7 Energy Storage Technology in Renewable Microgrids
 1.7.1 Batteries
 1.7.1.1 Lead-Acid Batteries
 1.7.1.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries 1.7.1.3 Redox-Flow Battery1.7.1.4 Sodium Battery
 1.7.2 Flywheels
 1.7.3 Supercapacitor
 1.7.4 Comparison of Various ESS Technologies
 1.7.5 Battery Energy Storage Modeling Consideration
 References
 2 Applications of ESS in Renewable Energy Microgrids
 2.1 Introduction
 2.2 Aggregated ESS
 2.3 Distributed ESS
 2.3.1 Generator Side Distributed ESS
 2.3.2 Load Side Distributed ESS
 2.4 Energy Management (Load Leveling and Peak Shifting)
 2.4.1 Load Leveling
 2.4.2 Peak Shifting
 2.5 Fluctuation Suppression (Intermittency Mitigation)
 2.5.1 Constant Power Control
 2.5.2 Output Filtering 2.5.3 Ramp-rate Control2.6 Uninterruptible Power System (UPS)
 2.7 Low-Voltage Ride Through
 2.8 Placement of the ESS to Improve Power Quality
 2.9 Voltage Regulation Using ESS
 2.9.1 The Threshold Value for ESS Voltage Regulation Activation
 2.9.2 Upper Limit of ESS Reactive Power Output
 2.9.3 Reactive Power Support by ESS
 2.9.4 Automatic Substitution of ESS Reactive Power Regulation Capacity
 2.9.5 The Reactive Power Control Strategy Verification Case
 2.10 ESS as Spinning Reserve
 2.11 Case Study: Operating Reserves Using ESS
 2.11.1 Problem Formulation
 2.11.2 Simulation Setup 2.11.3 Simulation Results and DiscussionsReferences
 3 Interfacing Between an ESS and a Microgrid
 3.1 Introduction
 3.2 DC-DC Converter
 3.2.1 Buck Converter (Step-Down Converter)
 3.2.2 Boost Converter (Step-Up Converter)
 3.2.3 Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter
 3.3 AC-DC and DC-AC Converter
 3.3.1 Single-Phase AC-DC Rectifier
 3.3.1.1 Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
 3.3.1.2 Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier
 3.3.2 Three-Phase AC-DC Rectifier
 3.3.2.1 Three-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
 3.3.2.2 Three-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier
 3.3.3 Single-Phase DC-AC Inverter