Business Law and Strategy

Table of Contents and Preface
	Title
	Copyright
	Dedication
	About the Authors
	Preface
		From the Authors
		Teaching Features Related to STRATEGY and CRITICAL THINKING
		Teaching Features Related to REINFORCEMENT
		Other Program Features
	Connect
		FOR INSTRUCTORS
		FOR STUDENTS
	Acknowledgments
	Brief Contents
	Table of Contents
Unit One: Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business
	Chapter 1: Legal Foundations and Thinking Strategically
		Unit One: Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Introduction to Law
		Categories of Law
			Language of the Law
			Functions of Law
		Law in Context: Business and Strategy
			Business Swimming in a Sea of Law: Defining Strategy
			Using Strategy in Legal Decisions
			Role of Counsel
		Primary Sources and Levels of American Law
			Constitutional Law
			Statutory Law
			Administrative Law
			Common Law
			Law versus Equity
			Secondary Sources of Law
		Stare Decisis and Precedent
			Stare Decisis and Business
		Thinking Strategically
			Four Categories
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 1.1 U.S. v. Alvarez 567 U.S. 709 (2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 1.2 Sokoloff v. Harriman Estate Development Corp., 754 N.E.2d 184 (N.Y. 2001)
			CASE SUMMARY 1.3 Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., 541 U.S. 369 (2004)
			CASE SUMMARY 1.4 Kauffman-Harmon v. Kauffman, 36 P.3d 408 (Sup. Ct. Mont. 2001)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 2: Business, Societal, and Ethical Contexts of Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Relationships between Business Organizations, Law, and Ethics
		Ethical Decision-Making Regimes
			Principles-Based Approach
			Consequences-Based Approach
			Contract-Based Approach
		Corporate Social Responsibility
			Major CSR Schools of Thought
			CSR and Litigation
		Values Management and Compliance Departments
			Business Ethics Challenges in Values Management
			Common Traits of Effective Values Management
			Compliance Departments
		Ethical Decision Making: A Manager’s Paradigm
		Community-Based Nonprofit and Benefit Corporations
		Thinking Strategically
			Patently Unfair Behavior?
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 2.1 Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668 (1919)
			CASE SUMMARY 2.2 In re High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California 11-cv-2509 (2013)
			CASE SUMMARY 2.3 In re Volkswagen “Clean Diesel” Marketing, Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California MDL No. 2672 CRB (2017)
			CASE SUMMARY 2.4 Goswami v. American Collections Enterprise, Inc., 377 F.3d 488 (5th Cir. 2004)
			CASE SUMMARY 2.5 Luther v. Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, 533 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2008)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 3: Business and the Constitution
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Structure of the Constitution
			Federalism
			Separation of Powers
		Overview of Federal Powers
			The Congress (Article I)
			The President (Article II)
			The Federal Courts (Article III)
		Regulation of Commerce
			Scope of the Commerce Power
			Negative Commerce Clause
			The Commerce Clause Today
		The Bill of Rights
			First Amendment (Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Religion)
			Second Amendment (Arms)
			Third Amendment (Housing of Soldiers)
			Fourth Amendment (Search and Seizure)
			Fifth Amendment (Procedural Fairness and Property Rights)
			Sixth Amendment (Criminal Trials)
			Seventh Amendment (Civil Trials)
			Eighth Amendment (Bail, Fines, and Punishments)
			Ninth Amendment (Unenumerated Rights)
			Tenth Amendment (Federalism and Popular Sovereignty)
		Due Process and Equal Protection
			Due Process
			Equal Protection
			Standards of Review
		An Important Digression: Amending the Constitution
		Interpreting the Constitution: Originalism versus the Living Constitution
			Originalism
			The Living Constitution
		Thinking Strategically
			The Constitution as a Commitment Device
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 3.1 Brown v. Board of Education II, 394 U.S. 294 (1955)
			CASE SUMMARY 3.2 Executive Order 10730 (Desegregation of Central High)
			CASE SUMMARY 3.3 Title IX
			CASE SUMMARY 3.4 State v. DeAngelo, 930 A.2d 1236 (N.J. Supreme Ct. 2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 3.5 U.S. v. Alderman, 565 F.3d 641 (9th Cir. 2009)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 4: The American Judicial System, Jurisdiction, and Venue
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Role and Structure of the Judiciary
		State versus Federal Courts
			State Courts
			Federal Courts
		Applying Precedent
			Persuasive Value
			Distinguishable Cases
		Jurisdiction
			Jurisdiction and Business Strategy
			Overview of Jurisdiction
			Subject Matter Jurisdiction: Authority over the Dispute
			Personal Jurisdiction
			Out-of-State Defendants
			Injurious Effect
			Physical Presence
			Voluntary
			Minimum Contacts and the Internet
		Venue
		Thinking Strategically
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 4.1 Bickford v. Onslow Memorial Hospital Foundation, 855 A.2d 1150 (Me. 2004)
			CASE SUMMARY 4.2 M/S Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1 (1972)
			CASE SUMMARY 4.3 Mink v. AAAA Development LLC, 190 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 1999)
			CASE SUMMARY 4.4 Toys “R” Us, Inc. v. Step Two, S.A., 318 F.3d 446 (3d Cir. 2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 4.5 Estate of Weingeroff v. Pilatus Aircraft, 566 F.3d 94 (3d Cir. 2009)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 5: Resolving Disputes: Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Civil Litigation
			Impact of Civil Litigation Business Planning
		Stages of Litigation
			Prelawsuit: Demand and Prelitigation Settlement Negotiations
			Pleadings Stage
			Discovery Stage
			Pretrial Conference
			Trial
			Posttrial Motions and Appeals
			Collecting the Judgment
		Alternative Dispute Resolution
			Informal ADR
		Formal ADR Methods
			Arbitration
			Employment and Labor Arbitration
			Mediation
			Expert Evaluation
			Other Forms of ADR
		Thinking Strategically
			Online Dispute Resolution
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 5.1 Infinite Energy, Inc. v. Thai Heng Chang, 2008 WL 4098329 (N.D. Fla. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 5.2 Bridgestone Americas Holding, Inc. v. Mayberry, 854 N.E.2d 355 (Ind. 2006)
			CASE SUMMARY 5.3 Massachusetts v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 127 S. Ct. 1438 (2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 5.4 Exxon Shipping Co. v. Exxon Seamen’s Union, 11 F.3d 1189 (3d Cir. 1993)
			CASE SUMMARY 5.5 Hooters of America, Inc. v. Phillips, 173 F.3d 933 (4th Cir. 1999)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Two: Contracts, Sales, and Leases
	Chapter 6: Contracts: Overview, Definition, Categories, and Source of Law
		Unit Two: Contracts, Sales, and Leases
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Nature and Application of Contracts
		Elements of a Contract
		Types of Contracts
		Basic Contract Structure and Terminology
		Drafting Contracts with a Strategically Qualified Attorney
		Thinking Strategically
			Ticketmaster’s Strategic Contracts
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 6.1 Chambers v. Travelers Companies, 668 F.3d 559 (8th Cir. 2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 6.2 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 6.3 Forest Park Pictures v. Universal Television Network, Inc., 683 F.3d 424 (2d Cir. 2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 6.4 Rochon Corp. v. City of Saint Paul, 814 N.W.2d 365 (Minn. Ct. App. 2012)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 7: Mutual Assent: Agreement and Consideration
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Mutual Assent
		Requirements of an Offer
			Objective Intent
			Advertisements as an Offer
			E-Contracts
			Termination of an Offer
			Action of the Parties
			Operation of Law
		Acceptance
			Acceptance of an Offer: The Mailbox Rule
			Mistake
		Adequacy of Consideration
			Legal Detriment
			Amount and Type of Consideration
		Agreements That Lack Consideration
			Illusory Promises
			Past Consideration
			Promissory Estoppel
		Thinking Strategically
			What’s Your Negotiation Strategy?
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 7.1 Arizona Cartridge Remanufacturers Association v. Lexmark, 421 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 7.2 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 7.3 Reed’s Photo Mart, Inc. v. Monarch, 475 S.W.2d 356 (Tex. Civ. App. 1971)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 8: Capacity and Legality
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Capacity
			Minors
			Mental Competency
			Intoxicated Persons
		Bright-Line Rules versus Flexible Standards
		Legality
			Statutes
			Public Policy
			Exceptions to the Nonenforcement Rule
		Thinking Strategically
			Forum Selection and Choice of Law Clauses
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 8.1 Webster Street Partnership Ltd. v. Sheridan, 368 N.W.2d 439 (Neb. 1985)
			CASE SUMMARY 8.2 Faber v. Sweet Style Manufacturing Corporation, 242 N.Y.S.2d 763 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Nassau County, 1963)
			CASE SUMMARY 8.3 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 9: Enforceability
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Enforceability of Contracts
		Consent Defects
		Misrepresentation and the Strategic Problem of Asymmetric Information
			Innocent Misrepresentation
			Fraud
		Additional Contract Defenses
			Duress
			Undue Influence
			Unconscionability
		The Statute of Frauds
		Contract Interpretation and the Parol Evidence Rule
		Thinking Strategically
			Enforceability of Confidentiality Agreements and Noncompete Clauses
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 9.1 Professional Bull Riders, Inc. v. AutoZone, Inc., unpublished order and judgment dated August 15, 2005 (10th Cir. 2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 9.2 Alaska Packers’ Association v. Domenico, 117 F. 99 (9th Cir. 1902)
			CASE SUMMARY 9.3 Harley-Davidson Motor Co. v. PowerSports, Inc., 319 F.3d 973 (7th Cir. 2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 9.4 Tafel v. Lion Antique Investments & Consulting Services, 773 S.E.2d 743, Supreme Court of Georgia (2015)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 10: Performance
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Nature and Effect of Contract Conditions
		Discharging Obligations through Good Faith Performance
		Discharge by Mutual Agreement
			Rescission
			Accord and Satisfaction
			Substitute Agreement
			Novation
		Discharge by Operation of Law
			Impossibility
			Impracticability
			Frustration of Purpose
		Thinking Strategically
			Use of Conditions
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 10.1 Sechrest v. Forest Furniture Co., 264 N.C. 216 (N.C. 1965)
			CASE SUMMARY 10.2 1700 Rinehart, LLC v. Advance America, Cash Advance Centers, etc., 5D09-3759 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010)
			CASE SUMMARY 10.3 Hearthstone, Inc. v. Dept. of Agriculture, CBCA 3725 (2015)
			CASE SUMMARY 10.4 Wooden v. Synovus Bank, A13A0876 Ga. App. (2013)
			CASE SUMMARY 10.5 Ed Wolfe Construction, Inc. v. Richard Knight and Luann Knight, 2014 IL App (5th)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 11: Breach and Remedies
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Breach Defined
			Partial Breach
			Anticipatory Repudiation
		Remedies at Law (Money Damages)
			Compensatory Damages
			Consequential Damages
			Restitution
			Liquidated Damages
		Equitable Remedies
			Specific Performance
			Injunctive Relief
			Reformation
		Duty to Mitigate
		Thinking Strategically
			Performance Assurances
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 11.1 Pepsi-Cola Co. v. Steak ’n Shake, Inc., 981 F. Supp. 1149 (S.D. Ind. 1997)
			CASE SUMMARY 11.2 DiFolco v. MSNBC, 622 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2010)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 12: Contracts for the Sale of Goods: Overview of Article 2
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Introduction to the UCC
		Purpose of Article 2 of the UCC
		Default Rules
		UCC Article 2 Coverage and Definitions
		UCC and the Common Law
		Thinking Strategically
			The Sale of Goods over the Internet and the Shadow of the Future
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 12.1 Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corp., 925 F.2d 670 (3d Cir. 1991)
			CASE SUMMARY 12.2 3L Communications LLC v. Merola, 2013 WL 4803532, Court of Appeals of Tennessee (2013)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 13: Sales Contracts: Agreement, Consideration, and the Statute of Frauds
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Formation of Agreement for Sale of Goods
			Firm Offers by Merchants
			Offers with Open Terms
			A Word about Quantity
			Other Open Terms
			Acceptance
		Consideration
		The Battle of the Forms
			Nonmerchant Transactions
			Merchant Transactions
		Statute of Frauds
		Thinking Strategically
			The Battle of the Forms
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 13.1 Movado Group, Inc. v. Mozaffarian, 938 N.Y.S2d 27 (2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 13.2 Hebberd-Kulow Enterprises, Inc. v. Kelomar, Inc., Court of Appeals of California, 4th District (2016)
			CASE SUMMARY 13.3 Daitom, Inc. v. Pennwalt Corp., 741 F.2d 1569 (10th Cir. 1984)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 14: Title, Allocation of Risk, and Insurable Interest
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Identification of Goods
		Issues Related to Title Transfers
			Passing of Title
			Good Faith Buyers
		Insurable Interest
		Risk of Loss
		Thinking Strategically
			Strategic Assessment of Shipping Terms
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 14.1 3L Communications v. Merola d/b/a NY Telecom Supply, No. M2012- 02163-COA-R3-CV, Court of Appeals of Tennessee (2013)
			CASE SUMMARY 14.2 Frelinghuysen Morris Foundation v. AXA Art Insurance, 603015 (2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 14.3 Jacq Wilson et al. v. Brawn of California, Inc., 132 Cal. App. 4th 549 (2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 14.4 St. Paul Guardian Insurance Company et al. v. Neuromed Medical Systems & Support, GmbH et al., 00 Civ. 9344 (SHS) U.S. Dist. Ct., S.D.N.Y. (2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 14.5 Windows, Inc. v. Jordan Panel Systems Corp., 177 F.3d 114 (1999)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 15: Performance and Cure in Sales Contracts
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The UCC and Good Faith
		Performance, Past Dealings, and Trade Practices
		Obligations of the Seller
			Perfect Tender
		Rights of the Seller
			Commercial Impracticability
		Obligations and Rights of the Buyer
			Buyer’s Right of Inspection: Acceptance or Rejection
			Special Rules for Installment Contracts
		Thinking Strategically
			Notice and Remediation
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 15.1 Ner Tamid Congregation of North Town v. Krivoruchko, 638 F. Supp. 2d 913 (N.D. III. 2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 15.2 General Motors Corp. v. Acme Refining Co., 513 F. Supp. 2d 906 (E.D. Mich. 2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 15.3 Furlong v. Alpha Chi Omega Sorority et al., 73 Ohio Misc.2d 26 (1993)
			CASE SUMMARY 15.4 Zion Temple First Pentecostal Church of Cincinnati v. Brighter Day Bookstore & Gifts and Murphy Cap & Gown Co., 970 N.E.2d 441 (Ohio 2004)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 16: Breach and Remedies in a Sales Transaction
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Definition of a Breach
			Seller’s Breach
			Buyer’s Breach
			Important Breach-Related Dates
		Seller’s Remedies
		Buyer’s Remedies
		Limitation of Remedies
		Thinking Strategically
			Reacting to a Potential Sales Contract Breach7
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 16.1 Glenn Distributors Corp. v. Carlisle Plastics, Inc., 297 F.3d 294 (3d Cir. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 16.2 S.W.B. New England, Inc. v. R.A.B. Food Group, LLC, 2008 WL 540091 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 16.3 Swan Lake Holdings, LLC v. Yamaha Golf-Car Co., U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19684 (U.S. Dist. Ct. North. Dist. Ind., S. Bend Div., 2011)
			CASE SUMMARY 16.4 Huntsville Hospital v. Mortara Instrument, 57 F.3d 1043 (11th Cir. 1995)
			CASE SUMMARY 16.5 Aero Consulting Corp. v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 867 F. Supp. 1480 (D. Kan. 1994)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 17: UCC Article 2A: Lease Contracts
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Introduction to Article 2A of the UCC
		UCC Article 2A Coverage
		Some Basic Terminology: Lessors and Lessees
		True Leases versus Secured Transactions
		Warranties
		Finance Leases
		Leases That Must Be in Writing
		Thinking Strategically
			Lease or Own?
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 17.1 Cucchi v. Rollins Protective Services, 574 A.2d 565 (Pa. 1990)
			CASE SUMMARY 17.2 Corporate Center Associates v. Total Group and Office Outfitters, 462 N.W.2d 713 (Iowa Ct. App. 1990)
			CASE SUMMARY 17.3 Brankle Brokerage & Leasing, Inc. v. Volvo Financial Services, 394 B.R. 906 (2008)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 18: Sales Warranties
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Types of Warranties
			Express Warranties
			Implied Warranties
		Disclaimers and Limitations
		Third-Party Rights
		Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act
		Thinking Strategically
			Advertising and Express Warranties
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 18.1 Giles v. POM Wonderful, LLC, No. 10-32192 (Cir. Ct., 17th Jud. Cir., Broward County, Fla., filed August 6, 2010)
			CASE SUMMARY 18.2 Mennonite Deaconess Home & Hospital, Inc. v. Gates Engineering Co., 219 Neb. 303, 363 N.W.2d 155 (1985)
			CASE SUMMARY 18.3 City of LaCrosse v. Schubert, Schroeder & Associates, 72 Wis. 2d 38, 240 N.W.2d 124 (1976)
			CASE SUMMARY 18.4 Consumers Power Co. v. Mississippi Valley Structural Steel Co., 636 F. Supp. 1100 (E.D. Mich. 1986)
			CASE SUMMARY 18.5 Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room, Inc., 198 N.E. 2d 309 (Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, 1964)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Three: Commercial Paper and Secured Transactions
	Chapter 19: Definition, Creation, and Categories of Negotiable Instruments
		Unit Three: Commercial Paper and Secured Transactions
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Features of a Negotiable Instrument
			Unconditional Promise
			Order
			Fixed Amount
			In Writing and Signed
			Payable to Order or to Bearer
			Payable on Demand or at a Future Time
		Types of Negotiable Instruments
			Draft
			Check
			Certificate of Deposit (CD)
			Promissory Note
		Steps to Negotiate and Indorse an Instrument
			Negotiation of Order Paper
			Negotiation of Bearer Paper
		Negotiable Instruments and Securitization in Debt Capital Markets
		Thinking Strategically
			Negotiating Accounts Receivable
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 19.1 Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. v. William H. Bailey, 710 F. Supp. 737 (C.D. Cal. 1989)
			CASE SUMMARY 19.2 In re AppOnline, Inc., 321 B.R. 614; 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 26258 (2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 19.3 Blasco v. Money Services Center, 352 B.R. 888 (N. Dist. Ala. 2006)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 20: Negotiation, Indorsements, and Holder in Due Course
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Negotiation
			Holder
			Negotiation and Transfer
		Holder in Due Course (HDC) Status
			Value
			Good Faith
			Without Notice
			The Shelter Rule
		Defenses and Third-Party Claims
			Real Defenses
			Personal Defenses
			Claims in Recoupment
		HDC and Consumers
			Holder Rule
			Requirements
		Thinking Strategically
			Preventing Fraud through Artificial Intelligence
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 20.1 Carter & Grimsley v. Omni Trading, Inc., 716 N.E.2d 320 (Ill. App. Ct. 1999)
			CASE SUMMARY 20.2 Any Kind Checks Cashed, Inc. v. Talcott (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 20.3 Zener v. Velde, 17 P.3d 296 (Idaho Ct. App. 2000)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 21: Liability, Defenses, and Discharge
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Liability on the Instrument
			Primary Liability
			Secondary Liability
		Presentment
			Instruments That Are Dishonored
		Agency Issues
		Warranty Liability
			Transfer Warranties
			Presentment Warranties
		Defenses against Holders of Negotiable Instruments
		Discharge
			Discharge by Payment
			Discharge by Tender
			Discharge by Cancellation or Renunciation
			Discharge by Material and Fraudulent Alteration
			Discharge by Certification
			Discharge by Acceptance Varying a Draft
			Notice Requirement
		Thinking Strategically
			Judgment-Proof Defendants
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 21.1 Bank of Nichols Hills v. Bank of Oklahoma, 196 P.3d 984 (Okla. Civ. App. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 21.2 Flatiron Linen v. First American State Bank, 23 P.3d 1209, Supreme Court of Colorado (2001)
			CASE SUMMARY 21.3 Cooper v. Union Bank, 507 P.2d 609, Supreme Court of California, (1973)
			CASE SUMMARY 21.4 Cooper v. Union Bank, 507 P.2d 609, Supreme Court of California (1973)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 22: Checks, Deposits, and Financial Institutions
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Checks in Commercial Transactions
		Electronic Payment Systems
			Debit Cards
			Credit Cards
			Automated Clearing House (ACH) Transactions
			Electronic Funds Transfers (Wires)
		Mobile Payment Apps and the Blockchain
			Mobile Payment Apps
			Blockchain
		Fraud Rules Related to Checks and Electronic Payment Systems
		Thinking Strategically
			Stolen and Forged Business Checks
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 22.1 Wachovia Bank, N.A. v. Foster Bankshares, Inc., 457 F.3d 619, 60 U.C.C. 2d 1126 (7th Cir. 2006)
			CASE SUMMARY 22.2 Halifax Corp. v. First Union National Bank, 26 Va. 91, 546 S.E.2d 696, 44 U.C.C. 2d 661 (2001)
			CASE SUMMARY 22.3 TME Enterprises, Inc. v. Norwest Corp., 124 Cal. App. 4th 1021 (2004)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 23: Secured Transactions
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Classifications of Collateral in Secured Transactions
		The Steps to Create a Security Interest
			Enter into Contract with Lender That Defines and Creates Security Interest
			Attach a Security Interest to Property
		Perfecting a Security Interest
			Perfection by Filing
			Perfection by Possession
			Automatic Perfection
			Perfection by Control
		Priority among Creditors’ Claims to Collateral
		The Consequences of a Borrower’s Default
		Thinking Strategically
			Assessing and Perfecting a Security Interest
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 23.1 In re Estate of Joseph M. Silver, 2003 Mich. App. LEXIS 1389
			CASE SUMMARY 23.2 In re Pfautz, 264 B.R. 551 (W.D. Miss. 2001)
			CASE SUMMARY 23.3 In re Piknik Products Co., 346 B.R. 863 (Bankr. M.D. Ala. 2006)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 24: Creditors’ Rights
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Personal Guaranties
		Rights against Third Parties
			Defenses
		Liens
			Judicial Liens
			Statutory Liens
			Consensual Liens
		Collecting Unsecured Debts
			Obtaining and Enforcing a Judgment
			Garnishment
			Levy
			Discovery
			Sale of Property
			State Exemption Laws
		Thinking Strategically
			Using Statutory Liens
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 24.1 Anthony DeMarco & Sons Nursery, LLC v. Maxim Construction Service Corp., 130 A.D.3d 1409 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. App. Div. 2015)
			CASE SUMMARY 24.2 On the Level Enterprises, Inc. v. 49 East Houston LLC, 2013 NY Slip Op. 01614 [104 A.D.3d 500]
			CASE SUMMARY 24.3 Assevero v. Rihan, 144 A.D.3d 1061 (App. Div. Sup. Ct. of NY 2016)
			CASE SUMMARY 24.4 Barrie-Chivian v. Lepler, 87 Mass. App. Ct. 683 (2015)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 25: Alternatives for Insolvent Borrowers
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Workouts
			Turnaround Advisors
			Workout Models
			Workouts versus Bankruptcy
		Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors (ABC)
			Assignment Agreement
			Distribution
			ABC Statutory Requirements
			Shareholder and Director Approval
		Out of Existence
		Thinking Strategically
			Turning It Around
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 25.1 Sherwood Partners as ABC Assignee of Thinklink v. Lycos, 394 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 25.2 Moecker v. Antoine et al., 845 So.2d 904 (Fla. Ct. App. 2003)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 26: Bankruptcy
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Bankruptcy Code
			Automatic Stay
			Bankruptcy Trustee
		Chapter 7: Liquidation
			Bankruptcy Petition and Stay
			Order for Relief and Trustee Appointment
			Creditors’ Meeting and the Bankruptcy Estate
			Distribution and Discharge
		Chapter 11: Reorganization
			Debtor in Possession
			Strong-Arm Clause
			Reorganization Plan
		Chapter 13: Individual Repayment
			The Fraud Exception
			Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
			Other BAPCPA Requirements
		Thinking Strategically
			Strategic Bankruptcy
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 26.1 In re Fehrs, 391 B.R. 53 (Bankr. D. Idaho, 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 26.2 Ellison v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service, 385 B.R. 158 (S.D. W. Va. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 26.3 In re Richie, 353 B.R. 569 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2006)
			CASE SUMMARY 26.4 In re Jones, 392 B.R. 116 (E.D. Pa. 2008)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Four: Business Entities
	Chapter 27: Choice of Business Entity and Sole Proprietorships
		Unit Four: Business Entities
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Choosing a Business Entity
			Evolution of the Entity
		Sole Proprietorships
			Liability of Proprietor
		Capitalization
		Taxation
			Management and Organization
		Termination
		Franchises: A Method Rather Than an Entity
			Franchise Agreements
			FTC Regulation
			State Regulation
		Thinking Strategically
			Umbrella Insurance
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 27.1 Vernon v. Schuster, 688 N.E.2d 1172 (lll. 1997)
			CASE SUMMARY 27.2 Nazi v. Jerry’s Oil Co. (Tenn. Ct. App. 2014)
			CASE SUMMARY 27.3 Clayton v. Planet Travel Holdings, Inc., 988 N.E.2d 1110 (Ill. App. Ct. 2013)
			CASE SUMMARY 27.4 England v. Simmons, 757 S.E.2d 111 (Ga. 2014)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 28: Partnerships
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		General Partnership Formation
		Overview of the Revised Uniform Partnership Act (RUPA) and the Uniform Partnership Act (UPA)
		General Partnerships in the Context of Business
		The Rights of Partners
			Right to Share Profits and Losses Equally
			Right to Partnership Property
			Right to Co-manage the Business
			Right to Indemnity
			Right to Vote
			Right to Be Informed
		The Duties of Partners
			Duty of Loyalty
			Duty of Care
			Duty of Good Faith
		The Partnership Agreement
			Capital Contributions
			Property Provision
			Profits and Losses
			Salary
			Management Rights
			Buy-Sell Agreement
		Limited Partnerships and Family Limited Partnerships
			Formation
			Personal Liability of Principals
			Capitalization
			Taxation of Partners and Partnership
			Management and Operation of the Partnership
			Family Limited Partnerships
		Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)
			Formation
			Liability
			Taxation
			Capitalization
		Partner Dissociation and Partnership Dissolution
			Dissociation under the RUPA
			Withdrawal under the RULPA
			Other Events of Dissolution
		Thinking Strategically
			Partnership Formation
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 28.1 Conklin v. Holland, 138 S.W.3d 215 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 28.2 Rahemtulla v. Hassam, 539 F. Supp. 2d 755 (M.D. Pa. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 28.3 In re Spree.com Corp., 2001 WL 1518242 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2001)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 29: Limited Liability Companies
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Overview of the LLC
		Laws Governing LLCs
		Formation of the LLC
		Capitalization of the LLC
		The Operating Agreement
		Limited Liability of the Owners
		Taxation of the LLC
		Dissolution versus Dissociation
		Thinking Strategically
			Choice of Business Entity
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 29.1 Kaycee Land and Livestock v. Flahive, 46 P.3d 323, Supreme Court of Wyoming (2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 29.2 Emprise v. Rumisek, 26 Kan. App. 2d. 760, Court of Appeals of Kansas (2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 29.3 Lamprecht v. Jordan, LLC, 75 P.3d 743, Supreme Court of Idaho (2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 29.4 Lieberman v. Wyoming.com, LLC, 82 P.3d 274, Supreme Court of Wyoming (2004)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 30: Corporations: Formation and Organization
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Corporation as an Entity
		Classifications of Corporations
			Privately Held versus Publicly Held
			Other Categories
		Formation and Start-up Issues
			Pre-incorporation Activity: Liability of Promoters
			Choice of State of Incorporation
			Tax Matters
			Initial Organizational Meeting
			Corporate Formalities
		Sources of Financing
			Debt
			Equity
			Venture Capital Firms
			Public Offerings
		Corporate Veil Protection
			Piercing the Corporate Veil
			Personal Guarantees
		Shareholders, Directors, and Officers
			Shareholders
			Board of Directors
			Officers
		Fiduciary Duties of Officers, Directors, and Controlling Shareholders
			Duty of Care
			Business Judgment Rule
			Duty of Loyalty
		Thinking Strategically
			Strengthening Your Corporate Veil
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 30.1 Miner v. Fashion Enterprises, Inc., 794 N.E.2d 902 (Ill. App. Ct. 1999)
			CASE SUMMARY 30.2 Village at Camelback Property Owners Association v. Carr, 538 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super. 1988)
			CASE SUMMARY 30.3 Goodman v. Darden, Doman & Stafford Associates 670 P.2d 648 (Wa. 1983)
			CASE SUMMARY 30.4 In re the Dow Chemical Company Derivative Litigation, Cons. Civil Action No. 4349-CC. (De. Ct. Chancery 2010)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 31: Corporate Transactions: Acquisitions and Mergers
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Types of Corporate Transactions
		Some Strategic Aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions
		Successor Liability
		Fiduciary Duties
		Hostile Takeovers
		Nuts and Bolts of Corporate Transactions
		Thinking Strategically
			Successor Liability
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 31.1 Bernard v. Kee Manufacturing Co., Inc., 409 So. 2d 1047 (Fla. 1982)
			CASE SUMMARY 31.2 Smith v. Van Gorkom, 488 A.2d 858 (Del. 1985)
			CASE SUMMARY 31.3 In re Riverstone National, Inc. Shareholder Litigation, C.A. No. 9796-VCG (Del. Ch. 2016)
			CASE SUMMARY 31.4 Terry v. Penn Central Corp., 668 F.2d 188 (3d Cir. 1981)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Five: Regulation of Securities, Corporate Governance, and Financial Markets
	Chapter 32: Overview of the Securities Market: Definition, Categories, and Regulation
		Unit Five: Regulation of Securities, Corporate Governance, and Financial Markets
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Fundamentals of Securities Transactions
		Role of the Parties in a Securities Transaction
		Defining a Security
			Federal Securities Law
			Modern Application of the Howey Test
			Family Resemblance Test
			Defining a Seller of Securities
			Stock Market Games
			Crowdfunding
			Blue-Sky Laws: State Securities Law
		Categories of Securities
			Equity Instruments
			Debt Instruments
			Peer-to-Peer Lending
		Securities Regulation
		The Securities and Exchange Commission
			EDGAR
		State Regulation of Securities
			Risk Capital Test
		Thinking Strategically
			Considering Legal Issues in Financing
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 32.1 Mark v. FSC Securities Corporation, 870 F.2d 331 (6th Cir. 1989)
			CASE SUMMARY 32.2 SEC v. ETS Payphones, Inc., 408 F.3d 727 (11th Cir. 2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 32.3 Eberhardt v. Waters, 901 F.2d 1578 (11th Cir. 1990)
			CASE SUMMARY 32.4 Foltz v. U.S. News and World Report, Inc., 627 F. Supp. 1143 (D.D.C. 1986)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 33: Regulation of Issuance: The Securities Act of 1933
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Securities Act of 1933
		The Process of a Public Offering
			Preregistration Documentation
			Registration
			Filing the Registration Statement and Waiting Period
			Postregistration
		Exemptions from Registration
			Regulation D: Private and Small Transactions
			Accredited Investors
			Rule 504: Smaller Offerings
			Rule 506: Larger Private Placements
			Regulation A: Large Exempt Offerings
			Disclosures Required
		Regulation of Crowdfunding
			Rules for Issuers
			Rules for Investors
		Liability for Violations
			Section 11: Misrepresentations in the Registration Statement
			Section 12(a)(2): Misrepresentations in Public Offerings
			Section 17(a): Liability for Negligent Misrepresentation
			Penalties and Remedies
		Safe Harbors and Other Defenses
			Safe Harbors: The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
		Materiality as a Defense
			Bespeaks Caution Doctrine
		Thinking Strategically
			Facebook’s Special Purpose Vehicle
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 33.1 In re The Vantive Corporation Securities Litigation, 110 F. Supp. 2d 1209 (N.D. Cal. 2000)
			CASE SUMMARY 33.2 Mark v. FSC Securities Corporation, 870 F.2d 331 (6th Cir. 1989)
			CASE SUMMARY 33.3 P. Stolz Family Partnership L.P. v. Daum, 355 F.3d 92 (2d Cir. 2004)
			CASE SUMMARY 33.4 Panther Partners v. Ikanos, 681 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2012)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 34: Regulation of Trading: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
		Reporting Companies
			Mandatory Disclosures and Records
			Section 13: Periodic Disclosure
			Section 14: Proxies
			Tender Offers
			Delisting
		Anti-Fraud Provisions
			Material Fact
			Right of Private Suit
		Insider Trading
			Traditional Insider Trading
			Misappropriation Theory
			Tipper-Tippee Liability
			Personal Benefit Test
		Section 16 Restrictions
			Rule 10b-5 and Section 16 in Tandem
		Scienter
		Thinking Strategically
			Noncompliance
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 34.1 Dirks v. SEC, 463 U.S. 646 (1983)
			CASE SUMMARY 34.2 United States v. Nacchio, 519 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 34.3 United States v. Chestman, 947 F.2d 551 (2d Cir. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 34.4 SEC v. Switzer et al., 503 F. Supp. 756 (W.D. Okla. 1984)
			CASE SUMMARY 34.5 SEC v. Obus et al., 693 F.3d 276 (2d Cir. 2012)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 35: Regulation of Corporate Governance
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Governance of Public Companies
			The Enron Scandal
		The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act)
			Reforms in the Accounting Industry
			Financial Reporting
			Corporate Governance
			Emergency Escrow
		The Dodd-Frank Act
			Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP)
			Financial Stability Oversight Council
			Expansion of SEC Jurisdiction and Enforcement
			Corporate Governance
			Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Provisions
		Thinking Strategically
			Cybersecurity and Disclosures
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 35.1 SEC v. Platforms Wireless, 617 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2010)
			CASE SUMMARY 35.2 Leon v. IDX Systems Corporation, 464 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 2006)
			CASE SUMMARY 35.3 In re Huffy Corp. Securities Litigation, 577 F. Supp. 2d 968 (D.C. S.D. Ohio 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 35.4 Asadi v. GE Energy, 720 F.3d 620 (5th Cir. 2013)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 36: Regulation of Financial Markets
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Types of Financial Markets
		Primary and Secondary Capital Markets
		The Main Parties in Capital Markets
		The Strategic Problem of Systemic Risk
		Dodd-Frank
			Expanded SEC Jurisdiction and Enforcement
			Financial Stability Oversight Council
			CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure Rule
			Say-on-Pay on Executive Compensation
			Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
		Whistleblower Protections
		Thinking Strategically
			Dodd-Frank and the Moral Hazard Problem
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 36.1 MetLife, Inc. v. Financial Stability Oversight Council, 177 F. Supp. 3d 219 (2016) (sealed opinion)
			CASE SUMMARY 36.2 PHH Corporation v. Consumer Financial Protection Board, 839 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2016)
			CASE SUMMARY 36.3 Digital Realty Trust, Inc. v. Somers, 583 U.S. __ (2018)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Six: Agency and Employment Law
	Chapter 37: Agency Formation, Categories, and Authority
		Unit Six: Agency and Employment Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Definitions and Sources of Agency Law
			Agency Transactions
		Creation of an Agency Relationship
			Manifestation and Consent
			Control
			Formalities
		Classification of Agents
			Employee Agents
			Independent Contractors
			Gratuitous Agents
			Employee Agents versus Independent Contractors: Direction and Control
		ABC Test
			IRS Three-Prong Test
			Liability for Misclassification
		Termination of an Agency Relationship
			Express Acts
			Operation of Law
		Thinking Strategically
			Limiting Liability for Misclassification
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 37.1 Futrell v. Payday California, Inc. et al., 190 Cal. App. 4th 1419 (8th Div. 2010)
			CASE SUMMARY 37.2 Harris v. Vector Marketing Corp., 753 F. Supp. 2d 996 (D.C. N.D. Cal. 2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 37.3 A. Gay Jensen Farms Co. v. Cargill, Inc., 309 N.W.2d 285 (Minn. 1981)
			CASE SUMMARY 37.4 Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc., 64 Cal. Rptr. 3d 327 (2007)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 38: Duties and Liabilities of Principals and Agents
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Principals, Agents, and Third Parties
		A Principal’s Liability for the Agent’s Contracts
			Actual Authority
			Apparent Authority
			Ratification
		Agent’s Contract Liability to Third Parties
			Fully Disclosed Agency
			Partially Disclosed Agency
			Undisclosed Agency
		A Principal’s Liability for the Agent’s Torts
			Physical Injury Requirement
			Scope of Employment
			Intentional Torts
			Negligent Hiring Doctrine
			Independent Contractors
		Thinking Strategically
			Employee Authority and Supplier Liability
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 38.1 Hannington v. University of Pennsylvania, 809 A.2d 406 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 38.2 Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc., 64 Cal. Rptr. 3d 327 (2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 38.3 Edgewater Motels, Inc. v. A. J. Gatzke and Walgreen Company, 277 N.W.2d 11 (Minn. 1979)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 39: Employment at Will
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Employment-at-Will Doctrine
			Express Contracts
			Labor Contracts
		Common Law Exceptions
			Public Policy Exception
			Implied Contracts
			Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
			Common Law Tort-Based Exceptions
		Statutory Protections for At-Will Employees
			False Claims Act
			State Laws
		Whistleblower Statutes
			State Whistleblower Laws
			Separate and Independent Defense
		Thinking Strategically
			Avoiding Implied Contracts
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 39.1 Brundridge v. Fluor Federal Services, Inc., 164 Wash. 2d 432 (2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 39.2 Haynes v. Zoological Society of Cincinnati, 652 N.E.2d 948 (Ohio Ct. App. 1995)
			CASE SUMMARY 39.3 Gardner v. Loomis Armored, Inc., 913 P.2d 377 (Wash. 1996)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 40: Employment Regulation and Labor Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Fair Labor Standards Act and State Laws
			Minimum Wage
			Maximum Workweek and Overtime Compensation
			Child Labor
			State Laws
		Retirement and Health Care Benefits
			Regulation of Pensions and Retirement Accounts
			Social Security Act
			Health Care Benefits
		Workers’ Compensation and Unemployment Benefits
			Defenses to Workers’ Compensation Claims
			Intentional Actions or Recklessness of the Employer
			Course of Employment
			Regulation of Workplace Safety
			Unemployment Compensation
		The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
			FMLA Scope and Coverage
			FMLA Protections
			Key Employees
		Employee Privacy
			Monitoring of E-mail, Internet Usage, and Social Media
			Telephone and Voicemail
			Drug and Alcohol Testing
			Polygraph Testing
		Labor Laws and Union Membership
			Labor Law
			Labor Management Relations Act
			Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
			Union Formation
			Collective Bargaining
			Grievances
			Strikes and Other Work Stoppages
		Employment Licensing Requirements
		Thinking Strategically
			Employee Classification
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 40.1 Sisco v. Quicker Recovery, Inc., 180 P.3d 46 (Or. Ct. App. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 40.2 Sullivan v. U.S. Postal Service, 2011-3220 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 40.3 Bonilla v. Baker Concrete Construction, 487 F.3d 1340 (2007)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 41: Employment Discrimination
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Definitions and Sources of Law
			Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
			Asserting a Discrimination Claim
		Primary Federal Workplace Antidiscrimination Statutes
			Prescott v. WidgetCo
			Title VII
			Protected Classes
			Sexual Orientation
			Theories of Discrimination
		Sexual Harassment
			Theories of Sexual Harassment
			Same-Sex Harassment
			Vicarious Liability of Employers
			Strict Liability for Harassment by Supervisor
			Impact of #MeToo Movement
		Remedies
		Age Discrimination
			Substantially Younger Requirement
		Americans with Disabilities Act
			Documented-Disability Requirement
			ADA Amendments Act of 2008
			“Regarded-as” Test
			Qualified Individual
		Equal Pay Act
			Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
		Employer Defenses
			Faragher/Ellerth Defense
			Business Necessity Defense
			Bona Fide Occupation Qualification
			Seniority
			Employee Misconduct
		Affirmative Action Programs
			Legality
		State Antidiscrimination Statutes
		Thinking Strategically
			Proactive Harassment Prevention Framework
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 41.1 Dumas v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 294 Fed. App. 822 (5th Cir. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 41.2 Harding v. Careerbuilder, LLC, 168 Fed. App. 535 (3d Cir. 2006)
			CASE SUMMARY 41.3 U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett, 535 U.S. 391 (2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 41.4 Aquino v. Honda of America, Inc., 158 F. App’x 667 (6th Cir. 2005)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Seven: Regulatory Environment of Business
	Chapter 42: Torts and Products Liability
		Unit Seven: Regulatory Environment of Business
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Overview of Tort Law
			Sources of Law
			Products Liability
		Tort Classification
		Intentional Business-Related Torts
			Defamation
			Public Figure Standard
			Privilege Defenses to Defamation
			Trade Libel and Product Disparagement Laws
			Fraudulent Misrepresentation
			Negligent Misrepresentation
			False Imprisonment
		Business Competition Torts
			Tortious Interference with Existing Contractual Relationship
			Tortious Interference with Prospective Advantage
		Negligence
			Elements of Negligence
		Defenses to Negligence Claims
			Comparative Negligence
			Assumption of the Risk
		Strict Liability Torts
			Abnormally Dangerous Activities
		Products Liability
			Negligence
			Warranty
			Strict Liability
			Causation and Damages
			Seller’s Defenses
		Thinking Strategically
			Managing Risk through Liability Waivers
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 42.1 Mattison v. Johnston, 730 P.2d 286 (Ariz. App. 1986)
			CASE SUMMARY 42.2 Maher v. Best Western Inn, 717 So. 2d 97 (Fla. App. 5th Dist. 1998)
			CASE SUMMARY 42.3 Wurtzel v. Starbucks Coffee Co., 257 F. Supp. 2d 520 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 42.4 Coker v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 642 So. 2d 774 (Fla. App. 1st Dist. 1994)
			CASE SUMMARY 42.5 Burton v. MDC PGA Plaza Corp., 78 So. 3d 732 (Fla. App. 4th Dist. 2012)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 43: Administrative Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Administrative Law in a Business Context
		Sources of Administrative Law
			The U.S. Constitution
			Enabling Statutes
			The Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
			Common Law
		Primary Functions of Administrative Agencies
			Rulemaking
			Licensing
			Investigation and Enforcement
			Adjudications
			Administering Public Benefits
		Limits on Administrative Agencies
			Legislative Oversight
			Executive Control
			Judicial Review
			Public Accountability
		State Administrative Law
		Thinking Strategically
			Responding to an Administrative Investigation
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 43.1 American Medical Association v. United States Internal Revenue Service, 887 F.2d 760 (7th Cir. 1989)
			CASE SUMMARY 43.2 Federal Express Corporation v. Holowecki, 128 S. Ct. 1147 (2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 43.3 Ranchers Cattlemen Action Legal Fund United Stockgrowers of America v. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 499 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2007)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 44: Consumer Protection
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		State Lemon Laws
		Deceptive Trade Practices
			False Advertising
			Telemarketing and the Do Not Call Registry
			CAN-SPAM Act
			Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016
		Food and Drug Safety
		Automobiles
			Odometers
		Consumer Debt
			Credit Transactions
			Debt Collection
		Thinking Strategically
			Negative Online Reviews
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 44.1 Phoenix of Broward, Inc. v. McDonald’s Corp., 489 F.3d 1156 (11th Cir. 2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 44.2 Barrer v. Chase Bank USA, 566 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 44.3 Myers v. LHR, Inc., 543 F. Supp. 2d 1215 (S.D. Cal. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 44.4 U.S. v. Facebook, Inc., Case No. 19-cv-2184 (D.D.C. 2019)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 45: Criminal Law and Procedure
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Criminal Law versus Criminal Procedure
		Criminal Law and Civil Law
			Burden of Proof
		Criminal Liability
			Act Requirement
			Mental Requirement
			Defenses
			Types of Crimes
		Criminal Law and Business Entities
			Individual Liability for Business Crimes
			Responsible Corporate Officers: The Park Doctrine
		White-Collar Crime
			Fraud
			Ponzi Schemes
			Conspiracy
			Obstruction of Justice
			Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
			Securities Crimes
			Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
			Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
		The Criminal Justice System
			Investigation
			Adjudication
		Criminal Procedure
			Searches and Arrest
			Expectation of Privacy
			Plain View Doctrine
			Search Incident to Arrest
			Search of Business Premises
			Self-Incrimination
			Production of Business Records
		Exclusionary Rule
			Good Faith Exception
		Thinking Strategically
			Developing Corporate Compliance Programs
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 45.1 Bear Stearns & Co. v. Wyler, 182 F. Supp. 2d 679 (N.D. Ill. 2002)
			CASE SUMMARY 45.2 Lamb v. Philip Morris, Inc., 915 F.2d 1024 (6th Cir. 1990)
			CASE SUMMARY 45.3 United States v. Osborn, No. 3:12-cr-00047-M (N.D. Tex. 2012)
			CASE SUMMARY 45.4 State v. Yenzer, 195 P.3d 271 (Kan. Ct. App. 2008)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 46: Insurance Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Insurance Business
		Types of Insurance Policies
		Insurance Contracts
		Insurance Pricing
		Insurance Regulation
		Thinking Strategically
			Insurer’s Duty to Settle a Claim in Good Faith
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 46.1 Balentine v. New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association, 966 A.2d 1098 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2009)
			CASE SUMMARY 46.2 Eyeblaster, Inc. v. Federal Insurance Co., 613 F.3d 797 (8th Cir. 2010)
			CASE SUMMARY 46.3 Papudesu v. Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriting Association of Rhode Island, 18 A.3d 495 (R.I. 2011)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 47: Environmental Law
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Impact of Environmental Law on Business
		Origins and Sources of Environmental Law
		Government Enforcement
		Citizen Suit Provisions and Watchdog Groups
		National Environmental Policy Act
			NEPA Coverage and Procedures
			Procedural Steps
		The Clean Air Act
			Stationary Sources of Air Pollution
			Market-Based Approaches
			Economic Incentive Theory
			Mobile Sources of Air Pollution
		Water Pollution Control
			The Clean Water Act
			Water Quality Regulation
			Oil Spills
			Drinking Water
		Regulation of Solid Waste and Hazardous Materials Disposal
			Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
			Toxic Substances Control Act
		Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
			Superfund
			Removal and Remedial Responses
			Liability of Principally Responsible Parties (PRPs)
			Consent Decrees
			Allocation of Liability
			Defenses to Liability
		Thinking Strategically
			Avoiding Environmental Liability in Land Acquisitions
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 47.1 Sierra Club v. El Paso Gold Mines, Inc., 421 F.3d 1133 (10th Cir. 2005)
			CASE SUMMARY 47.2 United States v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 235 F.3d 817 (3d Cir. 2000)
			CASE SUMMARY 47.3 William Paxton v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 176 Ohio App. 3d 364 (2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 47.4 Beverly E. Black and James A. Black v. George Weston & Stroehmann Bakeries, Inc., U.S. Dist. Ct. (W.D.N.Y. 2008)
			CASE SUMMARY 47.5 No Spray Coalition, Inc. v. City of New York, 2000 WL 1401458 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Eight: Property
	Chapter 48: Personal Property, Real Property, and Land Use Law
		Unit Eight: Property
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Definition and Categories of Property
			Tangible Property
		Bailments
			Leased Personal Property: UCC Article 2A
		Real Property
			Ownership Rights
			Forms of Ownership Interests in Real Property
			Sale of Real Property
			Adverse Possession
		Landlord-Tenant Law
			Tenant Rights and Remedies
			Landlord Rights and Remedies
		Assignment and Subletting
		Governmental Regulation of Land Use
			Zoning Ordinances
			Environmental Regulations
		Eminent Domain
			Procedure
			Public Use
		Thinking Strategically
			Leveraging a Commercial Lease
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 48.1 Singer Co. v. Stott & Davis Motor Express, Inc. and Stoda Corp., 79 A.2d 227 (N.Y. App. Div. 1981)
			CASE SUMMARY 48.2 Chaplin v. Sanders, 676 P.2d 431 (Wash. 1984)
			CASE SUMMARY 48.3 Dayenian v. American National Bank and Trust Co. of Chicago, 414 N.E.2d 1199 (Ill. App. Ct. 1980)
			CASE SUMMARY 48.4 Amoco Oil Co. v. Jones, 467 N.W.2d 357 (Minn. Ct. App. 1991)
			CASE SUMMARY 48.5 Automobile Supply Co. v. Scene-In-Action, 172 N.E. 35 (III. 1930)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 49: Wills, Trusts, and Estates
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		Key Terms in Wills, Trusts, and Estates
			Decedent
			Estate
			Last Will and Testament (Will)
			Codicil
			Executor
			Intestacy
		Freedom of Disposition
		Probate
		The Strategic Advantages of Trusts
			Trusts
			Probate Avoidance: Strategic Aspects of Trusts
		Death Taxes
		The Uniform Codes and the Restatements
		Thinking Strategically
			Prince’s Vault
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 49.1 Eyerman v. Mercantile Trust Co., 524 S.W.2d 210 (Mo. Ct. App. 1975)
			CASE SUMMARY 49.2 Estate of Garrett, 94 A.2d 357 (Pa. 1953)
			CASE SUMMARY 49.3 Riggs v. Palmer, 115 N.Y. 506, N.Y. Court of Appeals (1889)
			CASE SUMMARY 49.4 North Carolina Department of Revenue v. The Kimberley Rice Kaestner 1992 Family Trust, 588 U.S. ___ (2019)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Chapter 50: Intellectual Property
		Introduction
		Chapter Overview
		The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Intellectual Property
		Protecting Trade Secrets
			Trade Secret Requirements
			Infringement through Misappropriation
			Criminal Sanctions
			Exclusive Rights for Unlimited Duration
		Patents
			Patent Prosecution
			Types of Patents
			Patent Eligibility Standards
			Requirements for Design Patents
			Business Method Patents
			Trade Secret versus Patent
			Infringement
			Notice, Enforcement, and Remedies
		Copyrights
			Required Elements of a Work
			Rights Granted
			Registration and Notice
			Copyright Infringement
			Defenses to Infringement Claims
		Trademarks
			Trade Dress
			Classifications of Trademarks
			Acquiring Rights
			Applications and the USPTO
			First Amendment Concerns
			Maintaining the Mark
			Policing the Mark
			Trademark Infringement
			Trademark Dilution
		Thinking Strategically
			Responding to a Cease and Desist Letter
		Key Terms
		Case Summaries
			CASE SUMMARY 50.1 Harvey Barnett v. Shidler, 338 F.3d 1125 (10th Cir. 2003)
			CASE SUMMARY 50.2 In re Reed Elsevier, Inc., 2007 WL 1086403 (Fed. Cir. 2007)
			CASE SUMMARY 50.3 KSR International v. Teleflex, 550 U.S. 398 (2007)
		Chapter Review Questions
		Quick Quiz Answers
		Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
	Capstone Case Studies 1
		Capstone Case Study 1
			Overview and Objectives
			THE BLACK BEAR MICRO ROASTERY
			A CALL FROM GOLIATH
	Capstone Case Studies 2
		Capstone Case Study 2
			Overview and Objectives
			THE ODWALLA JUICE COMPANY’S ORIGINS
			“SOIL TO SOUL”
			CRISIS ON THE COAST
			FALLOUT
			ODWALLA TODAY
	Capstone Case Studies 3
		Capstone Case Study 3
			Overview and Objectives
			MCDONALD’S PROMOTIONAL GAMES
			McDONALD’S STRATEGY
			SIMON LAWSUIT AND COUNTERSUIT
			SETTLEMENTS AND AFTERMATH
	Appendix A: The Constitution of the United States of America
		The Constitution of the United States of America
	Appendix B: Uniform Commercial Code (Articles 1, 2, 2a and 3)
		Uniform Commercial Code (Articles 1, 2, 2a, and 3)
	Appendix C: Excerpts from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
		Excerpts from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	Glossary
		Glossary
	Case Index
		case index
			A
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	Subject Index
		subject index
			A
			B
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			D
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	Additional Student Resources
		Additional Student Resources
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